ASTM D4428/D4428M-2007 孔间地震探测的标准试验方法

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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodsforCrossholeSeismicTesting
【原文标准名称】:孔间地震探测的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD4428/D4428M-2007
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2007
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D18.09
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:accelerometers;compressionwave;geophones;machinefoundations;seismicwaves;shearwaves;wavevelocity
【摘要】:Theseismiccrossholemethodprovidesadesignerwithinformationpertinenttotheseismicwavevelocitiesofthematerialsinquestion(1).2Thisdatamaybeusedasinputintostatic/dynamicanalyses,asameansforcomputingshearmodulus,Youngrsquo;modulus,andPoissonrsquo;ratio,orsimplyforthedeterminationofanomaliesthatmightexistbetweenboreholes.Fundamentalassumptionsinherentinthetestmethodsareasfollows:5.2.1Horizontallayeringisassumed.5.2.2Snellrsquo;lawsofrefractionwillapply.IfSnellrsquo;lawsofrefractionarenotapplied,velocitiesobtainedwillbeunreliable.1.1Thesetestmethodsarelimitedtothedeterminationofhorizontallytravelingcompression(P)andshear(S)seismicwavesattestsitesconsistingprimarilyofsoilmaterials(asopposedtorock).Apreferredtestmethodintendedforuseoncriticalprojectswherethehighestqualitydatamustbeobtainedisincluded.Alsoincludedisanoptionalmethodintendedforuseonprojectswhichdonotrequiremeasurementsofahighdegreeofprecision.1.2Variousapplicationsofthedatawillbeaddressedandacceptableinterpretationproceduresandequipment,suchasseismicsources,receivers,andrecordingsystemswillbediscussed.Otheritemsaddressedincludeboreholespacing,drilling,casing,grouting,deviationsurveys,andactualtestconduct.Datareductionandinterpretationislimitedtotheidentificationofvariousseismicwavetypes,apparentvelocityrelationtotruevelocity,examplecomputations,effectiveboreholespacing,useofSnell''slawofrefraction,assumptions,andcomputerprograms.1.3Itisimportanttonotethatmorethanoneacceptabledevicecanbeusedtogenerateahigh-qualityPwaveorSwave,orboth.Further,severaltypesofcommerciallyavailablereceiversandrecordingsystemscanalsobeusedtoconductanacceptablecrossholesurvey.Consequently,thesetestmethodsprimarilyconcerntheactualtestprocedure,datainterpretation,andspecificationsforequipmentwhichwillyielduniformtestresults.1.4AllrecordedandcalculatedvaluesshallconformtotheguideforsignificantdigitsandroundingestablishedinPracticeD6026.1.4.1Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/recordedandcalculatedinthesetestmethodsareregardedastheindustrystandard.Inaddition,theyarerepresentativeofthesignificantdigitsthatshouldgenerallyberetained.Theproceduresuseddonotconsidermaterialvariation,purposeforobtainingthedata,specialpurposestudies,oranyconsiderationsfortheusersobjectives;anditiscommonpracticetoincreaseorreducesignificantdigitsofreporteddatatobecommensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescopeofthesetestmethodstoconsidersignificantdigitsusedinanalysismethodsforengineeringdesign.1.4.2Measurementsmadetomoresignificantdigitsorbettersensitivitythanspecifiedinthesetestmethodsshallnotberegardedanonconformancewiththisstandard.1.5ThesetestmethodsarewrittenusingSIunits.Inch-poundunitsareprovidedforconvenience.Thevaluesstatedininchpoundunitsmaynotbeexactequivalents;therefore,theyshallbeusedindependentlyoftheSIsystem.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystemsmayresultinnonconformancewiththesetestmethods.1.5.1Thegravitationalsystemofinch-poundunitsisusedwhendealingwithinch-poundunits.Inthissystem,thepound(lbf)representsaunitofforce(weight),whiletheunitformassisslugs.Therationalizedslugunitisnotgiven,unlessdynamic(F=ma)calculationsareinvolved.1.5.2Itiscommonpracticeintheengineering/constructionprofessiontoconcurrentlyusepoundstorepresentboth......
【中国标准分类号】:P13
【国际标准分类号】:93_020
【页数】:11P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语